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Comparing Death Of A Salesman And Fences By August Wilson

In the books Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and Fences by August Wilson, there are common themes and various similarities that run throughout the entire stories. Among these similarities there are two, hard working men who are trying to live the American dream but instead end up becoming frustrated by life and bitter towards the only people who really care for them. The main character of each book, Willy Loman and Troy Maxson are similar in many ways. They both try hard to be good men and fathers, but, they both fail in certain aspects. Troy isolates himself from his youngest son, and one could say that he is too harsh and unnaturally cold towards him. Willy in a way believes that his grown sons could not have done any wrong when†¦show more content†¦I was safe †¦. And then I saw that gal and thought maybe I could steal second† this explanation shows readers that Troy will never be happy no matter how good his current life is because this wasn’t the life he pictured for himself. Troy is also very self-centered man because when his son was offered a college football scholarship he could only try to think negative instead of supporting his sons dream. Troy does this because he feels that if he didn’t make it big his son shouldn’t either. Willy Lowman who is an old salesman who after twenty plus years loses his job and is forced to return home back to Boston. Willy is just like todays average American overworked and underpaid man who is struggling to provide for his family. Throughout the story willy has a version of how society should work because he believes â€Å"be liked and you will never want†. Willy suffered in life because he cared about people liking him and not his job. Willy is his teaching his son’s poor morals he is only concerned with being liked by his peers which has led to his current situation of poverty and suffering. Willy and Troy share a huge similarity in the fact that their pride takes precedence over everything. This is shown where Charlie offers him a job that he goes as far as to hide the paycheck away from his wife out of his own humiliation Willy has many opportunities to turn his life around but because of his pride he makes foolish choices. Willy’s son Happy refuses to recognize hisShow MoreRelatedComparing Death Of A Salesman And Fences By August Wilson947 Words   |  4 Pages Romano Stewart English 1102 Friday: 9-11:45 a.m. November 30, 2017 Barry Hall In the books Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and Fences by August Wilson, there are common themes that run throughout the entire stories. Among these similarities there are two, hard working men who are trying to live the American dream but instead end up becoming frustrated by life. The main character of each book, Willy Loman and Troy Maxson are similar in many ways. They both try hard to be good men and fathersRead More Comparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson1267 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson have similar themes of conflicts between fathers and sons, conflicts between husbands and wives, and the need to focus on a small unit of space in order to achieve success. In the process of developing these themes throughout the two plays, three similar symbolic elements are used including the insecure father figure, the other woman, and the garden. Read MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in terms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the different cultural backgro unds of each protagonist they bothRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pageshired a consultant to train the entire organization in project management. The consultant also worked closely with the proposal team in responding to the DOE project management requirements. The proposal was submitted to DOE during the second week of August. In September 1993, DOE provided Kombs with a list of questions concerning its proposal. More than 95 percent of the questions involved project management. Kombs responded to all questions. In October 1993, Kombs received notification that it wouldRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesConflict 375 SKILL LEARNING 376 Interpersonal Conflict Management 376 Mixed Feelings About Conflict 376 Diagnosing the Type of Interpersonal Conflict 378 Conflict Focus 378 Conflict Source 380 Selecting the Appropriate Conflict Management Approach 383 Comparing Conflict Management and Negotiation Strategies 386 Selec tion Factors 386 Resolving Interpersonal Confrontations Using the Collaborative Approach A General Framework for Collaborative Problem Solving 391 The Four Phases of Collaborative Problem Solving Comparing Death Of A Salesman And Fences By August Wilson Romano Stewart English 1102 Friday: 9-11:45 a.m. November 30, 2017 Barry Hall In the books Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and Fences by August Wilson, there are common themes that run throughout the entire stories. Among these similarities there are two, hard working men who are trying to live the American dream but instead end up becoming frustrated by life. The main character of each book, Willy Loman and Troy Maxson are similar in many ways. They both try hard to be good men and fathers, but unfortunately, they both fail in certain aspects. Troy isolates himself from his youngest son, and many could say that he is too harsh and unnaturally cold towards him. Willy in a way believes that his grown sons could not have done any†¦show more content†¦I was safe †¦. And then I saw that gal and thought maybe I could steal second† this explanation shows to readers that Troy will never be happy no matter how good his current life is because this wasn’t the life he pictured for himself. Troy is also very self-centered because when his son was offered a college football scholarship he could only try to think negative instead of supporting his sons dream. Troy does this because he feels that if he didn’t make it big his son shouldn’t either. Willy Lowman who is an old salesman who after twenty plus years loses his job and is forced to return home back to Boston. Willy is just like todays average American overworked and underpaid man who is struggling to provide for his family. Throughout the story willy has a version of how society should work because he believes â€Å"be liked and you will never want†. Willy suffered in life because he cared about people liking him and not his job. Willy is his teaching his son’s poor morals he is only concerned with being liked by his peers which has led to his current situation of poverty and suffering. Willy and Troy share a huge similarity in the fact that their pride takes precedence over everything. This is shown where Charlie offers him a job that he goes as far as to hide the paycheck away from his wife out of his own humiliation Willy has many opportunities to turn his life around but because of his pride he makes foolish choices. Willys son Happy refuses to recognizeShow MoreRelatedComparing Death Of A Salesman And Fences By August Wilson946 Words   |  4 PagesIn the books Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, and Fences by August Wilson, there are common themes and various similarities that run throughout the entire stories. Among these similarities there are two, hard working men who are trying to live the American dream but instead end up becoming frustrated by life and bitter towards the only people who really care for them. The main character of each book, Willy Loman and Troy Maxson are similar in many ways. They both try hard to be good men andRead More Comparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson1267 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson have similar themes of conflicts between fathers and sons, conflicts between husbands and wives, and the need to focus on a small unit of space in order to achieve success. In the process of developing these themes throughout the two plays, three similar symbolic elements are used including the insecure father figure, the other woman, and the garden. Read MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in terms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the different cultural backgro unds of each protagonist they bothRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pageshired a consultant to train the entire organization in project management. The consultant also worked closely with the proposal team in responding to the DOE project management requirements. The proposal was submitted to DOE during the second week of August. In September 1993, DOE provided Kombs with a list of questions concerning its proposal. More than 95 percent of the questions involved project management. Kombs responded to all questions. In October 1993, Kombs received notification that it wouldRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesConflict 375 SKILL LEARNING 376 Interpersonal Conflict Management 376 Mixed Feelings About Conflict 376 Diagnosing the Type of Interpersonal Conflict 378 Conflict Focus 378 Conflict Source 380 Selecting the Appropriate Conflict Management Approach 383 Comparing Conflict Management and Negotiation Strategies 386 Selec tion Factors 386 Resolving Interpersonal Confrontations Using the Collaborative Approach A General Framework for Collaborative Problem Solving 391 The Four Phases of Collaborative Problem Solving

Team Lead Of Robert and Linda Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Team Lead Of Robert and Linda. Answer: PPT: Roll Play Team Lead: it is quite unfortunate you have both failed to maintain the organisations and projects goals and objectives and opted to complete each other rather than work as a team. We are hoping you have revaluated the level of concern and understood the objectives you are expected to meet? Team member: the problems occurred due to me trying to outperform my colleague Linda so as to gain favour and popularity among the organisations heads. It was only a natural instinct to complete for a higher position and recognition which led me to stray my focus on the objective of the project. This has been and important lesson to me as I have been able to understand I need to maintain the organisations objectives and work as a team. This is essential for the organisations development as team work helps attract many benefits which would otherwise be unachievable. Team Lead: Robert, since our last meeting and discussion have you had an opportunity to develop any theories linked to organisation change and how we can successfully implement the strategies at OZ market? Team member: Yes since the meeting held between you me and Linda I have invested considerable time towards the subject and been able to identify some important organisation change strategies and theories which I must practice before implementation so as to set an example. Change will in most situations create confusion among employees and collages making it critical that change is managed to prevent affecting the organisations or individuals performance. Team Lead: how do you intend to implement and train others regarding organisation change. Team member: I intend on implementing change by setting and sample thus allowing others o view me as a role model rather than a competitor. Sharing information and knowledge would be my first propriety Team Charter Company Objectives Organisation growth Increase Profitability Expand globally Participants Directors Management HR Manager Staff Conflict Resolution Team work Communication reporting Goals Boost service delivery Boost efficiency Adopt Technology Promote innovation Talent development Defined Skills Communication Business Management Problem solving IT Team contribution Communication Plan Proposals Meetings Emails Phone Weekly plan Milestones Monthly progress report at all levels Performance performance reports and reporting at weekly basis Member Contribution Individual, departmental Oral Presentation Increasing Engagement and Participation among the Stake Holders The first step linked to managing workplace conflict being able to detect the conflict and rivalry before it goes out of control. This has already been observed at OZ Market where the project milestones are not being met as a result of the rivalry. This makes it imperative to hold a meeting between the two employees and highlight their shortfalls (P. N, 2011). Its important to demonstrate the importance of maintained current operating performance and also contribute towards the ODP project. The ODP project can also be broken in the sections which should be distributed equally to Robert and Linda. Activities to Help Defuse the Conflict between Robert and Linda Both employees would be responsible for maintaining their targets and milestones and must be able to present a consolidated project report to the management. This will encourage communication and eliminate rivalry thus defusing the tension and allowing both colleagues to work as a single unit. Its critical for the presentation and reports to be compiled together and all points discussed and understood amount the two as each would require presenting their colleague's reports (Dinkin, Filner, Maxwell, 2012). This would ensure proper project understanding among both colleagues whereby the project finding would be undertaken separately but compiled and discussed among the two due to each need to present the others report. This may difficult but it will encourage synchronization among the two and ensure they focus on project development, not individual gain Facilitating Groups to Work Through a Problems Resolution While working for an organization, an individual should not consider they working for their own benefit but should be focused on benefiting the organization as a whole. This makes it critical to encourage teamwork and knowledge sharing among employees so as to build a positive culture amount the groups and employees (Bchel Moss, 2007). Individuals who share knowledge are likely to raise to higher management positions faster making it important to highlight the benefit of these qualities and facilitate groups to work together and resolve problems as a single unite and team. Resolving Conflict between Robert and Linda The conflict between Robert and Linda is only occurring due to the two individuals intending to secure a high post or recognition for their knowledge and experience and contribution towards the project. This has resulted in both competing for the position which is now affecting the business negatively. To resolve this conflict both employees would require being given a strict warning by the management due to failing to manage their previous responsibilities and not meeting their targets. The two would now require managing the project together and report relating the project progress as a single team (Cloke Goldsmith, 2011). Both shall be responsible for all outcomes thus both must collaborate to manage the project while maintaining their previous responsibilities. A single report will be presented for the project of which either of the two can be selected by the management to make the presentation thus encouraging the entire project is properly understood by both individuals. Interventions Necessary in the Scenario The above scenario has attracted considerable negativity among the two teammates who have placed their personal gain and development above the project. This decision has resulted in the duo undermining their responsibilities and trustworthiness which clearly demonstrates their irresponsibility. To defuse the situation immediate and strict disciplinary action must be taken on both employees with their punishment being to demonstrate their ability to work as a team (Keethaponcalan, 2017). Failure to demonstrate this will result in individuals withdrawal from the project and replacement with another fitting staff member. Both individuals will then be expected to collaborate and work as a team with the sole objective of benefiting the project. Repercussion of the Disciplinary Decision Employee conflict is common among exam metes of the same ranking where they complete to secure more attention. Its unlikely that once would resign as long as the concern has been directed to both the individuals. The HR manager should not point or blame one individual as this could be classified as victimization and could result in the individual resigning (Ramsbotham, Miall, Woodhouse, 2011). The situation and concern must be highlighted with regard to both individuals and both placed responsibility for the flaw thus helping encourage both to work as a team in future. Method : questions What is the importance of organisation change and how does it contribute towards the organisations performance/ Who contributes towards the organisations development and growth? How can the staff contribute towards the organisations performance? Innovation and improvements? How can conflict me managed at the workplace? How can a team lead / manager set a good example for other team mates? What contributions have you made towards product and service improvement How can you deliver a more interesting and interactive workplace? How do you maintain and improve your knowledge and understanding What is the importance of teamwork and contributions Who can you handle workplace conflict? Bibliography Ments, M. V. (1999). The Effective Use of Role-play: Practical Techniques for Improving Learning. Kogan Page Publishers. Roche, W. K., Teague, P., Colvin, A. J. (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Conflict Management in Organizations. Oxford: OUP Oxford.

Student Athletes Essay Example For Students

Student Athletes Essay Athletes Should Get PaidAs you sit at the stadium or in your home and watch college football, basketball, or even baseball, do you ever wonder where the money goes from all the ticket sales? Colleges make a lot of money from their athletics. I feel that the profit that is made should partly go back to the student athlete. College athletes should be paid for their participation in sports, since sports make a lot of money for the college. A student athletes schedule is very hectic. There are many activities that have to be attended daily. A student athlete is expected to go to class every day, and later in, the day they are expected to meet at practice, no matter what the sport. After practice, the student athlete must eat dinner. Then, the person has to go home to their dorm to do homework, which can last for hours. There is very little time during the day, to allow the student athlete to get a job. Most of the time coaches will not allow the students to work, due to schedule conflict, and it is also hard on the students studies. If the coach doesnt allow a job and there is no time for one, where does the student get money? Student finances are very limited. We will write a custom essay on Student Athletes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Most of the money that students have is from parents or student loans. Students need money for food, gas and laundry. If a student eats three meals a day, it would usually cost then about fifteen dollars. For a five-day week it would be around seventy-five dollars. Usually, the student athletes do not travel much, so gas expenses would be minimal. However there are those occasional trips home to see family. The student also needs money for laundry. Laundry runs around five or six dollars per week. Years ago, student athletes at colleges and universities were given laundry money, which was twenty-five to thirty dollars a week. The money could be spent freely. It was like an allowance that your parents would give you every week. I feel that this little support would at least help the student when money is hard to come by at home. With the financial help of the college, a student athlete would only have to supply around fifty dollars per week instead of seventy- or eighty-fiveA student would have less financial troubles if they were compensated for athletics. If athletes were paid, they could have a better start out of college. For instance, if the student athlete has to get a loan during college because he or she has no money for necessities, that student athlete has started to dig a financial hole. That hole will be a burden to the student athlete when her or she graduates from college. Also, the student athletes parents will not be financially troubled when the student graduates from college. It would make it easier on student athletes and their parents mentally and physically if student athletes were paid. Mentally, the parents would not have to worry about paying the bills when tuition is due. Physically, the parents and students would not have to break their back to work overtime, or to have a job while in school, and play athletics as well. I feel that student athletes have a lot to worry about. One is their grades; two is their performance in games. I feel the last thing a student athlete should worry about is how they are going to make money to pay for necessities, since the student plays a sport that makes money for the college. Student athletes should be compensated for their participation in athletics while attending college.

Home to Harlem essays

Home to Harlem essays "Home to Harlem" is the story of two young black men, Jake and Ray, who attempt to make a living while enjoying all the joys of Harlem during the height of the Harlem Renaissance. McKay's novel clearly shows that the Renaissance was more than just an intellectual and artistic movement that grew up in Harlem during the 1910s and 1920s. With his two diverse characters, McKay shows there were many different elements creating the Harlem Renaissance, from the less-educated immigrant such as Jake, who lives mainly for pleasure and self-gratification, to the intellectual Ray, who dreams of being a writer. He is not as hedonistic as Jake, and he is torn between the white man's world, where he does not fit in, and the Harlem world, where he does not quite fit in either. Ray epitomizes many blacks of the time, who were trying to better themselves and rise up above their circumstances, while Jake epitomizes many other blacks, who simply lived for the moment, and enjoyed sex, jazz, and food and drink. Normally, the impression today is that most people living in Harlem during the Renaissance were like Ray, and attempting to learn, grow, and make their lives better. McKay wanted to show the other side of Harlem - the people who were not interested in the intellectual rebirth of their neighborhood. They were only interested in the nightlife, the cabarets, and the opposite sex. There were two different worlds in Harlem, and McKay neatly explores For all his lack of education, Jake may see life more realistically than Ray ever will. As Ray is about to leave, he speaks about their differences, and his lack of education. He says, "And I mighta helped mah li'l sister to get edjucated, too (she must be a li'l woman, now), and she would be nice-speaking like you, sweet brown, good enough foh you to hitch up with. Then we could all settle down and make money like edjucated ...

Using Similes and Metaphors to Enrich Writing (Part 1)

Using Similes and Metaphors to Enrich Writing (Part 1) Consider these two sentences from Leonard Gardners novel Fat City: The stooped forms inched in an uneven line, like a wave, across the onion field.Occasionally there was a gust of wind, and he was engulfed by sudden rustling and flickering shadows as a high spiral of onion skins fluttered about him like a swarm of butterflies. Each of these sentences contains a simile: that is, a comparison (usually introduced by like or as) between two things that are generally not alikesuch as a line of migrant workers and a wave, or onion skins and a swarm of butterflies. Writers use similes to explain things, to express emotion, and to make their writing more vivid and entertaining. Discovering fresh similes to use in your own writing also means discovering new ways to look at your subjects. Metaphors also offer figurative comparisons, but these are implied rather than introduced by like or as. See if you can identify the implied comparisons in these two sentences: The farm was crouched on a bleak hillside, where its fields, fanged in flints, dropped steeply to the village of Howling a mile away.(Stella Gibbons, Cold Comfort Farm)Time rushes toward us with its hospital tray of infinitely varied narcotics, even while it is preparing us for its inevitably fatal operation.(Tennessee Williams, The Rose Tattoo) The first sentence uses the metaphor of a beast crouched and fanged in flints to describe the farm and the fields. In the second sentence, time is compared to a doctor attending a doomed patient. Similes and metaphors are often used in descriptive writing to create vivid sight and sound images, as in these two sentences: Over my head the clouds thicken, then crack and split like a roar of cannonballs tumbling down a marble staircase; their bellies opentoo late to run now!and suddenly the rain comes down.(Edward Abbey, Desert Solitaire)The seabirds glide down to the waterstub-winged cargo planesland awkwardly, taxi with fluttering wings and stamping paddle feet, then dive.(Franklin Russell, A Madness of Nature) The first sentence above contains both a simile (a roar like that of cannonballs) and a metaphor (their bellies open) in its dramatization of a thunderstorm. The second sentence uses the metaphor of stub-winged cargo planes to describe the movements of the seabirds. In both cases, the figurative comparisons offer the reader a fresh and interesting way of looking at the thing being described. As essayist Joseph Addison observed three centuries ago, A noble metaphor, when it is placed to an advantage, casts a kind of glory round it, and darts a luster through a whole sentence   (The Spectator, July 8, 1712).   NEXT: Using Similes and Metaphors to Enrich Our Writing (Part 2).

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FOR BUSINESS - Essay Example The Debenhams brand trades through 239 stores in 28 countries and is available online in 67 countries. Customers can also shop through smartphones, tablet computers and other mobile devices as well as more traditional sales channels such as catalogues and by telephone. Debenhams flexible approach means that they can tailor their product range to meet the demands of a particular local market or channel. The company’s main business consists in selling fabric items and clothing for men, women and kids’. The company, by applying prudent marketing techniques, has been able to grab the market share in UK as shown in the figure above. Delivering a compelling customer proposition is a key part of our strategy. Debenhams’ offer is unique as they combined of their own brands, international and concession brands. It is exclusive through core and designer own brands which account for almost half of everything that they sell. It is differentiated through Designers at Debenhams, a portfolio of diffusion brands from some of the UK’s top fashion designers. Debenhams also give their customers the wide choice of product categories that they expect from a department store. Debenhams has also been actively involved in the business of marketing and selling jewelry and other ornaments items which have earned the company immense revenue in the past few years. Through its unmatchable product quality, Debenhams is now regarded as one of the finest when it comes to high end fashion merchandise. The financial outlook of the company also looks quite stable. During the financial year of 2012, the company has been able to increase its revenue 1.% to a striking  £2.229 billion also the operating profit of the company grew steady with 6.9%. In addition, the financial ratio analysis of the company and the comparison of the company with its competitor also show that a

Music players Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Music players - Essay Example The very first iPod was introduced to the market as a player with a 5GB storage capacity capable of storing one thousand songs. This product got feedback from consumers, though a number of them complained of an exorbitant price of $400. Because the first versions of iPod proved fruitful in penetrating the music player industry, another hardware upgrade came in 2003, catapulting iPod into the third generation. This advanced hardware upgrade did not have mechanical dials. The function buttons were placed under the screen and resembled a scroll wheel. Their storage was enhanced from the previous 10GB to 40 GB. On order to remain competitive in the music player industry, apple introduced iPod mini in 2004. Unlike the original iPod, this version had five different colors: green, gold, silver, pink and blue. The iPod mini had smaller screens and enhanced storage than any other music player then. In February 2005, a new version of iPod was introduced with an improved chipset, longer battery life and even more enhanced storage capacity. The collaboration between Apple and HP in 2004 helped Apple to explore new markets that previously never stocked Apple’s products. In 2005, Apple introduced the iPod photo. This was similar to the iPod but was capable of browsing photo albums and had improved battery life. This made it a hit among the music player enthusiasts, with most music players in the same price range providing half its storage capacity. This made Apple’s profits to quadruple in 2005 as a result of sales of iPod. The iPod was followed by the introduction of the Nano. This version was made available in two variants, the 2GB and 4GB music players. The Nano made used of an improved scroll wheel from apple and was significantly smaller. Not long after the launch of the Nano, Apple released the fifth generation of its music players. These had the ability of playing both video and audio music files, and its launch was instrumental in the creation of the iTunes

Blackberry Picking Essay Example for Free

Blackberry Picking Essay Task: Choose a poem that deals with an aspect of ordinary living. Analyse the poem showing how it . Pleasures are like poppies spread You seize the flower, its bloom is shed Bums Seamus Heaneys sensual and disturbing poem Blackberry -Picking explores aspects of ordinary living and enables us to see clearly the truth about a core element of human nature. This engaging piece of verse, written early in the Nobel laureates career, exposes humans perpetual desire for pleasure and the seemingly inescapable negative consequences attached to this pursuit. The poem is produced in a style readers familiar with Heaney will recognise: the deeper meaning is heavily cloaked in metaphor, and is therefore made clearer and more emphatic once understood. Upon reflection of these underlying themes about ordinary life, the reader experiences the clarity of vision usually associated with seeing something for the first time; this is a quality Heaney has claimed is essential to poetry. The poem is, on the surface, about a boys experiences at berry-picking time in the countryside. The anticipation and participation in this apparently very pleasant practice is conveyed for most of the first stanza of this two stanza piece. The poet describes an insatiable appetite (that verges upon greed) for indulging in the activity. In the latter part of this first stanza, however, a far less hedonistic mood can be detected by a very noticeable change in lexical choice and imagery; indeed, guilt and perhaps even remorse are evident here. In the second stanza the picked fruit becomes grotesque as it decays and the inevitable destructive forces of time take effect: Primarily, it is necessary to detail the larger metaphor which is relevant from the very beginning of the poem the title: Blackberry-Picking. The concept of picking fruit has irreducible associations with the Biblical story of Genesis an explanation of creation and mankinds fall from a state of innocence to one of sin a nd guilt. In this book Adam and Eve are templed by Satan to pick the forbidden fruit, resulting in their expulsion from Paradise. From this we can infer that the berries of Heaneys poem symbolise temptation, and that this temptation will lead to a loss of innocence and the incursion of guilt and sin into the world of the poem. In addition to this, the idea that the propensity for giving in to temptation is central to human nature, as it is of such ancient  origin, is strongly suggested. †¢ The time of year when these symbolic berries are picked, Late August, is given in the first line, and the sultry, humid, sensual atmosphere of this time of year is evoked by the following zeugma: given heavy rain and sun. This sensual atmosphere is developed in the first nine lines of the poem, and it clearly contains allusions to sex in lines 5-7: You ate that first one, and its flesh was sweet Like thickened wine: summers blood was in it Leaving stains upon the tongue and lust for Picking. Here the idea of the irresistible allure of the berries is emphasised, and the allusions to sexual pleasure through the lexical choice of that first one, its flesh was sweet, Leaving stains upon the tongue, and the direct reference to lust, heighten the mood of sensual temptation. This is reinforced and strengthened by the suggestion of intoxication in line 6 when the flesh of the berries is described in a simile as being Like thickened wine. Summer is subsequently personified and this reference to Summers blood thickens the languid, warm, impassioned atmosphere. In this section of the poem, then, very ordinary aspects of life sensuousness, sexuality, desire, temptation are conveyed cleverly and clearly through the metaphor of blackberry picking. This metaphor enables us to see these things as extraordinary driving forces behind our actions, and this is a disturbing realisation. The boy experiencing this burgeoning, bountiful time of the rural calendar cannot, as has been shown ab ove, get enough of the fruit he picks. He and others set out between lines 9-12 to gather as many berries as they can. After they have indulged in this harvest, however, a contrasting mood is introduced: .. on top big dark blobs burned Like a plate of eyes. Our hands were peppered With thorn pricks, our palms sticky as Bluebeards. Here the poetry is loaded with imagery and cultural associations. Initially the monosyllabic alliteration of the plosive b in big dark blobs burned strikes the reader as ponderous and menacing. This reaction is reinforced by the connotations of pain in the verb burned. The effect of this is aided by the gruesome and macabre simile that follows. The berries are described as being Like a plate of eyes. The very different mood engendered by this imagery is developed by the subsequent allusion to the crucifixion of Christ in hands in thorn pricks and the simile incorporating the legendary  character Bluebeard (a pirate who murdered many wives). This section of the poem, then, gives three consecutive images that evoke . connotations of guilt: the mutilation of the berries nat ural environment, the indirect reference to Christ (crucified by mankind), and the comparison between the berry pickers hands and the bloody hands of a serial murderer. In stanza two the mood of the poem deteriorates further as the harvested berries decay. In the first line the word hoarded, used to describe the volume of berries stored, reminds us of the insatiable appetite and self-indulgence depicted in the first stanza. The berries are now rotting, however, and this is conveyed effectively through word choice. They are described with the verbs stinking and fermented. Furthermore, a disease is spreading through the hoard. This is described as A ratgrey fungus, glutting on our cache. The connotations of disgust, revulsion and disappointment evident here are developed in lines 20-21: Once off the bush/I the sweet flesh would turn sour. What we can also perceive here is the notion of the inevitable and regularly experienced fate of all pleasure it cannot last and becomes satiety and guilt. The anguish at the fate of the berries, and therefore the fate of all indulgence is emphasised by the tone of the third last line: I always felt like crying. It wasnt fair. The boy of the poem is clearly still becoming accustomed to the irresistible forces of time. In the last line, however, we learn that the boy experiences this annually: That all the lovely canfuls smelt of rot Each year I hoped theyd keep, knew they would not Perpetual hope and the following inevitable disappointment is emphasised here, and the reader can directly engage with this as we all experience such sequences in ordinary life. By the process of reflecting upon, and understanding, the blackberry picking metaphor, the reader sees the driving forces behind human behaviour afresh, and they become extraordinary and disturbing. Blackberry-Picking is a sensual and evocative poem which entices the reader with rich and opulent images. In stanza one we are drawn into the pleasure of the activities depicted by the poet. The ideas of guilt, disgust, and disappointment are then introduced as the greed of the pickers and the decay of the berries are illustrated. The extension of this cycle to others areas of life is performed by the use of sexual and cultural  allusions, symbolism and metaphor. Through these techniques we are given a startlingly clear picture of a common and ordinary reality we may never before have considered: that our lives are driven by perpetually disappointed hope and desire and that pleasure cannot last. The disturbing nature of this realisation is compounded by the religious symbolism of the berries this state of affairs may have been with us from the very beginning, and there is no reason why it should not be with us to the end.

As Gass To Cars :: essays papers

As Gass To Cars As gas to cars, food is human’s source of energy. If there is no food there is no energy,If there is no energy the body cannot work, in other words, dies. But the concept of food has changed throughout history. In fact, the concept of food in one period differs from one place to the other and from one class to another. Food serves from a surviving necessity, to a luxury, to a consolation of the soul. Personally, I think that people today have forgotten about the main function of food, and instead of eating to live they live to eat. A lot of people today say that they only eat to survive. They justify their opinion by saying that they eat when they are hungry and hunger is a signal from the body saying that it is in need of energy. I do not agree with them. For example, I think that people today are answering the call of cravings rather than that of hunger. Also, I think that a lot of people today eat to sooth their souls rather than their bodies. Furthermore, considering what people are putting in their bodies as a source of energy makes you expect a chemical explosion. Firstly, if people were eating to satisfy true hunger, then they would settle with anything that they could put in their mouths and fill their tummies with. But no, today their body is calling for chocolate, yesterday their body was in need of a source of energy imported from China, and who knows what will happen next? Maybe tomorrow their body won’t function with anything less than Italian gas. Secondly, today a lot of people seek comfort in food. When people feel empty inside, they try to fill up that emptiness with food. On a personal level, when I’m feeling down I always think that a chocolate bar or a couple scoops if ice cream would pick me up. When I’m feeling excited or hyper, I look for potato chips or salted crackers. And when I feel tense or under pressure, I feel the need of a combination of both sweets and salties. Thirdly, sometimes you are just shocked at what people eat and the amounts they take. Come on, nobody needs all that energy even if they are going to jog all around the world.

Women Safety

Being in the 21st century, with technology and world so advanced, we still talk about this subject, â€Å"Are Women Safe, in India, especially? † With surveys and understandings of what is happening around us, it is time that the country joins hands together to realize that – ‘Women are NOT SAFE in any means in India’. There have many cases that have been reported and many unreported for the torture a woman undergoes, yet there has been nothing done to change the law or the system to the way a woman is being looked at. Women have been advancing, progressing and have proved that they can beat men in any sector they are in.Be it sports, arts, science, politics, service or for that matter any where, she has stood at par with what a man could do. Yet, she still fights for equality. No matter what, the old thoughts and upbringing culture still lay cluttered in the minds of men that women should not be above men, but below them. It is sad to understand that women are the better halves of the society, yet they are the ones who face the maximum tortures in many ways in their lives. Time has changed, yet attitude towards women have never been changed.To understand better, one has to get to the root cause of the problem. It has all started ages ago, where men are thought to be gods and powerful and women to be just like slaves for household works. From inside the womb, till her death, a woman is always faced with danger. In the womb, the chances of being killed, even before seeing light, when being born and growing, she faces harsh brutalities like molestation, abusing, physical and mental tortures and above all a heap of workloads and in old age, just abandoned and still being opened for more brutalities till death.What a life? One has to understand, women are also human beings. They also have the same thoughts, desires, and dreams and feel the same pain that men feel. How could they just be taken for granted? We all know the Delhi Rape Case. (Dec 16th 2012) The most brutal rape case ever heard. There were Nation wide protests, debates, and candle lights, everything done by the public to punish the criminals. It is high time that the law has been changed with regard to cases like these.There has to be stringent punishments and fast tracks to monitor these kinds of cases. When the law is stringent in a country, before committing a crime, at least the offender would think twice on committing the crime. I agree that with one punishment, the nation is not going to get better, but with consecutive punishments, it would be under a controllable situation. Nothing changes overnight, but in due course it does create an effect. The present scenario is not going to change, but yes the coming generations could definitely make a remarkable difference.The basic understanding that men and women are equal has to start at school levels. Education is a must for all. The government has to come up with strategies where every child gets educ ation. Respecting the opposite sex has to be taught from school levels and parents and teachers have to join hands in this subject. With proper understanding, exploitation could be reduced to much extend. Women are not sex and child bearing objects, but they are also equally powerful and emotional and a great companion for men and the vice-versa should be made to understand.Once this understanding gets through, half the scenario changes. Changes do not take place soon or easily, but if each one of us join hands in every possible way that we can and start to make little changes within the family from today, it would gradually get implemented and there would be a better society that respects and understands women, at least for our next generation and generations to come. Women could walk around freely, without the fear of being attacked at any time, anywhere. Join hands and save women.

Forecasting Effects of Cultural Changes

Within today's increasingly globally-infused corporate workplaces, conventional wisdom holds that demographic and/or cultural diversity contribute positively to enhanced performance by groups, teams, or other divisions of a trans-global corporate entity, thus ultimately enhancing, by association, company products and/or services and the company itself, at home and abroad. As corporate giant Nokia's website states, for example (2005), of its own global workforce: â€Å"Respect for individual qualities, as well as a willingness to work together in a constructive, positive, even enjoyable, way [,] are all essential for high-quality results. † Much related research suggests, however, that while diverse employee skills and abilities in and of themselves may enhance group or team performance, demographic diversity (e. g. differences among workforce members, in terms of language; cultural; referential; or social background), may detract from it (Knight, Pearce, Smith, Olian , Sims , Smith & Flood, 1999; Jackson, 2003; Hamilton, Nickerson, Jackson, & Owan, May 2004). I will examine factors that, based on research and anecdotal evidence combined, may inflect corporate workforce compatibility or success, exploring both positive and the negative potential effects of demographic and cultural diversity on global and other workplace behavior and performance. In a telephone interview conducted by this researcher, on October 6, 2005, with a friend who is a human resources assistant manager at Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (HGST) based in San Jose, California, a recently-merged company created by the Hitachi-IBM HDD (Hard Disk Drive) company merger of January 2003, â€Å"[A lack of] enough good and clear intercultural communications is still contributing a lot, I would say, to lower than expected employee morale† (Sindai). However, despite the inevitable difficulties, misunderstandings, and other company challenges it inevitably brings, globalization is here to stay. According to Alden, for example, in an article on UPS's expansion, â€Å"Over the past 40 years the number of multinational corporations in the world's fourteen richest countries has gone from 7,000 to 24,000. (6-7). Moreover, as Alden observes, while many companies have marketed internationally for years, more and more companies are looking to enter the arena of global competition. However, according to Wilbur (2005), in terms of global workplace (or any team or group) performance or behavior, in and of itself, mere diversity of a workforce, or group, team, or other entity within that workforce, is non-conclusive. HP [High Performance] teams are built with . . . complementary skills. . . . a Blend and balance of social styles . . . technical skills, problem solving skills, and political savvy. . . . They treat differences with respect realizing the survival value in versatility, . . . develop mutual accountability that builds respect, commitment. High performance teams blow away barriers and boundaries. Typical demographic and/or cultural diversity increasingly found within global conglomerates or other entities like Worldwide Telecommunications, Inc. nd others, may contribute to or detract greatly from performance, depending on specific aspects of diversity; management communications, actions, and philosophies, and various other factors. Optimal workplace performance itself, on the part of any group or team, whatever its internal composition, generally springs from commitment, shared values, and pursuit of a common goal (Knight, Pearce, Smith, Olian , Sims , Smith & Flood, 1999; Jackson, 2003 ;Wilbur, 2005). Demographic characteristics and/or cultural diversity may contribute to or detract from high-performance teams, but these characteristics alone will not determine performance. They may, however, influence it, in combination with other factors, such as shared or common goals; shared values; group commitment and support, and group synergy (Jackson, 2003; Wilbur, 2005). As Sindai (telephone interview, October 7, 2005), of Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (HGST) also stated: After the merger almost three years ago [of IBM's and Hitachi's Hard Disk Drive HDD) entities in January 2003] about our making more videos and doing more training sessions to keep enhancing diversity training. Our office wanted to do more, not just [what we had done] up to the merger, and everyone agreed it was needed. But little by little it got moved to the back burner. I think there's been a feeling, or a hope at least, that it would all work itself out in time. But it Sindai added that, after IBM and Hitachi's respective hard drive divisions (HDD's) merged in 2003, various clashes, miscommunications, and misunderstandings of two distinct types of cultures emerges. One was the inevitable initial clash between IBM (an American company) versus Hitachi (a Japanese company) corporate cultures. Another, which proved to be more chronic, was based on demographic, social, cultural and other miscommunications and misunderstandings, sometimes although not always based on language incompatibilities, among workers from the United States; Japan; Pakistan; China; India; Sri Lanka; Singapore; India; Mexico; Bulgaria; and (as Sindai put it) â€Å"at least ten or twelve other places. † Results of a more formal study, on effects of diversity on group management performance, seem to confirm Sindai's anecdotal observations. Knight, Pearce, Smith, Olian, Sims , Smith & Flood (1999) concluded that: â€Å"Diversity in ability enhances the team productivity if there is significant mutual learning and collaboration within the team, while demographic diversity is likely to harm productivity by making learning and peer pressure less effective and increasing team-member turnover. † Hamilton, Nickerson, Jackson, & Owan (May 2004) found, in a similar study, that: Data from 76 high-technology firms in the United States and Ireland were used to examine three alternative models. The results showed that while demographic diversity alone did have effects on strategic consensus the overall fit of the model was not strong. Adding two intervening group process variables, interpersonal conflict and agreement-seeking . . . greatly improved the overall relationship with strategic consensus. For the most part, TMT [Total Management Team] diversity had negative effects on strategic consensus. Jackson (2003) further concluded that: Informational (education and function) diversity was negatively related to group efficiency when social category diversity (sex and age) was high, but not when it was low; consequences . . . for team conflict were best understood by taking into account interactive effects for specific dimensions of diversity. (p. 803) An interesting and arguably related example, from the world of professional football, and one that starkly and vividly exemplifies workplace diversity training gone awry (i. e. the San Francisco 49'ers controversial diversity training tape that was leaked to the press (Ryan, Sunday June 5, 2005)) painfully illustrates how management attitudes anywhere, with any diverse group of people in any occupation, especially vis-a-vis other groups of people, strongly inflect â€Å"accepted† or perceived â€Å"normal† workplace attitudes about diversity (be they positive or negative), potentially polarizing, not unifying, workpla ce group members. As Ryan states, in analyzing this incident: . . . the video, which the team was required to watch, was particularly insulting o deeply religious players. Imagine if a corporation made it mandatory for employees to watch a training video that featured soft-core lesbian porn and a racist depiction of a bumbling, bucktoothed Chinese man. . . because the employees happen to be football players, people seem willing to dismiss it as This incident effectively lampooned diversity training and workplace diversity itself, within an extremely high-profile professional, organization, and geographical location (one that possesses enormous cultural diversity among its residents and sports fan â€Å"customers†) instead of promoting it. The incident also likely reinforced pre-existing stereotypes of many sports and related industry professionals: as boorish, intolerant, ignorant, or racist. Admittedly, the San Francisco 49ers football team and its management are non-equivalent, structurally, functionally, or in terms of goals or purpose, to Worldwide Telecommunications; Nokia, HGST, or any other large global corporate entity. Nevertheless, the implied lesson, for corporations and managers, contained within this incident is clear (at least to this author): company and group attitudes about diversity and its desirability and value to (and within) an organization, come from the top and migrate downward. Further, positive attitudes about workplace diversity and about diversity in general (which affect workplace attitudes and behaviors, consciously or unconsciously) must be practiced; reinforced; repeated, and encouraged, in order for workers to embrace and maintain them. One other fact that emerges from research combined with interviewee observation of effects of diversity on group performance, and reality combined, is that genuine appreciation for demographic and/or cultural diversity is most powerful and lasting when it grows from within a diverse group itself, rather than being imposed from the outside. Jackson (2003) further explains that â€Å"most [diversity] studies assumed that diversity influences affective reactions and social processes within teams and organizations. Social processes in turn were assumed to provide the explanations for the effects of diversity on team and/or organizational performance† (p. 803). Moreover, according to Jackson: Decades of research on similarity and attraction indicate that people tend to dislike dissimilar others, all else being equal. By extension, it has been argued that diversity is likely to have negative consequences for affective reactions such as cohesion, satisfaction, and commitment . . . Several early studies showing that diversity was associated with higher turnover rates seemed to support that conclusion. Recent research on team and organizational diversity: SWOT analysis and implications. ) Demographic and/or cultural diversity within transnational corporate workplaces may or may not enhance company performance, depending on the group; its members; its management and other influences; and its implicitly shared (or not shared) values, goals, motivations, and work and other philosophies. Diversity of skill and ability is more likely to enhance group performance than is cultural diversity (Knight, Pearce, Smith, Olian, Sims , Smith & Flood, 1999; Jackson, 2003; Hamilton, Nickerson, Jackson, & Owan, May 2004). Winning performance, though, is determined not so much by cultural and/or demographic diversity as by complementary skills; synergy; shared values and goals, and commitment. For optimal transnational workplace performance, demographic and/or cultural diversity must clearly be accompanied, in order to be effective, by personal and heartfelt cohesion among group or team members. In forecasting cultural changes, at World Telecommunications, Inc. and at other, similar entities, then, that particular conclusion, arrived at by researchers; managers, and others, alike, might well be kept closely in mind.

List of the 29 Governorates in Egypt

List of the 29 Governorates in Egypt Egypt, officially called the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a republic located in northern Africa. It shares borders with Gaza Strip, Israel, Libya, and Sudan and its boundaries also include the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt has coastlines on the Mediterranean and Red Sea and it has a total area of 386,662 square miles (1,001,450 sq km). Egypt has a population of 80,471,869 (July 2010 estimate) and its capital and largest city is Cairo. In terms of local administration, Egypt is divided into 29 governorates that are administered by a local governor. Some of Egypts governorates are very densely populated, like Cairo, while others have small populations and large areas like New Valley or South Sinai. The 29 Governorates The following is a list of Egypts 29 governorates arranged in terms of their area. For reference, capital cities have also been included.1) New ValleyArea: 145,369 square miles (376,505 sq km)Capital: Kharga2) MatruhArea: 81,897 square miles (212,112 sq km)Capital: Marsa Matruh3) Red SeaArea: 78,643 square miles (203,685 sq km)Capital: Hurghada4) GizaArea: 32,878 square miles (85,153 sq km)Capital: Giza5) South SinaiArea: 12,795 square miles (33,140 sq km)Capital: el-Tor6) North SinaiArea: 10,646 square miles (27,574 sq km)Capital: Arish7) SuezArea: 6,888 square miles (17,840 sq km)Capital: Suez8) BeheiraArea: 3,520 square miles (9,118 sq km)Capital: Damanhur9) HelwanArea: 2,895 square miles (7,500 sq km)Capital: Helwan10) SharqiaArea: 1,614 square miles (4,180 sq km)Capital: Zagazig11) DakahliaArea: 1,340 square miles (3,471 sq km)Capital: Mansura12) Kafr el-SheikhArea: 1,327 square miles (3,437 sq km)Capital: Kafr el-Sheikh13) AlexandriaArea: 1,034 square miles (2,679 sq km)Capital : Alexandra14) MonufiaArea: 982 square miles (2,544 sq km)Capital: Shibin el-Kom15) MinyaArea: 873 square miles (2,262 sq km)Capital: Minya16) GharbiaArea: 750 square miles (1,942 sq km)Capital: Tanta17) FaiyumArea: 705 square miles (1,827 sq km)Capital: Faiym18) QenaArea: 693 square miles (1,796 sq km)Capital: Qena19) AsyutArea: 599 square miles (1,553 sq km)Capital: Asyut20) SohagArea: 597 square miles (1,547 sq km)Capital: Sohag21) IsmailiaArea: 557 square miles (1,442 sq km)Capital: Ismailia22) Beni SuefArea: 510 square miles (1,322 sq km)Capital: Beni Suef23) QalyubiaArea: 386 square miles (1,001 sq km)Capital: Banha24) AswanArea: 262 square miles (679 sq km)Capital: Aswan25) DamiettaArea: 227 square miles (589 sq km)Capital: Damietta26) CairoArea: 175 square miles (453 sq km)Capital: Cairo27) Port SaidArea: 28 square miles (72 sq km)Capital: Port Said28) LuxorArea: 21 square miles (55 sq km)Capital: Luxor29) 6th of OctoberArea: UnknownCapital: 6th of October City

Here I thought Nimrod was a compliment!

Here I thought Nimrod was a compliment! Here I thought â€Å"Nimrod† was a compliment! Here I thought â€Å"Nimrod† was a compliment! By Maeve Maddox By now you know that I’m not deeply versed in slang. When I read in the newspaper about a dust-up over an email in which a radio news director called a political candidate a â€Å"nimrod,† I couldn’t understand why the word was being decried as â€Å"derogatory.† Now I know. The meaning I’ve always attached to the word Nimrod is â€Å"a skilled hunter.† That’s the meaning with which it is used in the books I’ve seen it in. This sense comes from the Bible. And Cush begat Nimrod: he began to be a mighty one in the earth. He was a mighty hunter before the LORD: wherefore it is said, Even as Nimrod the mighty hunter before the LORD. Genesis 8-9 The citations for Nimrod=hunter in the OED include one as recent as 1994: Towns such as Eagle, Glenwood Springs..and Gunnison throw out the welcome mat for this horde of nimrods. 1994 Denver Post Oct. B9/1 Here nimrods is being used as a synonym for hunters. As early as 1933, however, the lowercase word nimrod acquired a secondary meaning: N. Amer. slang. A stupid or contemptible person; an idiot. OED When I said I’d never seen â€Å"nimrod† used with the sense of â€Å"dummy,† I had apparently blocked out seeing it in the most recent novel I’ve read, a picaresque romp by Christopher Moore called Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal: The Lord doesnt give a damn what a chicken does on the Sabbath, you nimrod! Its a chicken. I’ll try to remember not to call any hunters â€Å"Nimrods† in a mistaken effort to compliment them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)Running Amok or Running Amuck?Mood vs. Tense

Vidsoft Case Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Vidsoft Case Analysis - Essay Example The company, to avoid this sort of situation in the future, could install more team-based leadership tasks. Li is a people person and motivator in the case, but Hsu is very positional and by-the-book. Babatunde needs to understand that in dealing with Li, gender stereotypes are not viable explanations for understanding the impact of personal factors on choices about conflict resolution strategies. In the co-orientation model, the degree to which two employees hold similar views about a topic is known as agreement. The latent conflict phase is marked by the impact the conflict has on the ongoing work relationship of the parties involved. Things are changing in the internet age as well in terms of communication. The conflict management style marked by high concern for self and high concern for others is collaboration. A mediator is a third-party conflict role specializing in the exercise of control over the negotiation process and its outcomes (Babatunde’s role). Network analysis is one way that conflict resolution researchers study conflict generation and resolution. During the manifest conflict stage, conflict strategies are enacted in communicative interaction. Babatunde needs to present strong leadership skills and a sense of direction in order to optimize employee performance. Too often, different departments of organizations tend to dissolve along lines of ineffective communication in group meetings in which the manager becomes less of a leader and more of a scapegoat or outmoded mouthpiece of the status quo, and in situations such as these, political infighting and departmental disagreement over issues of funding and allocation make take priority over what should be the clear mission and shared vision of all involved; that is, determining what is best for the customer in terms of loyalty and buying behavior,

Deontological Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deontological Ethics - Case Study Example The second ethical problem is how the external auditor would perform his function in the conduct of external audit.. Deontological framework takes a normative ethical position that judges the morality of action based on latter’s conformity to rules or rules. It is sometimes called duty-based ethics or rule-based ethics because a person is bound to ones duty (Hartman, 2004). It is differentiated with consequentialism where the rights are determined by the consequences. The primacy or importance of the rules is clear in deontological. The validity the rules would have to relate them with what is universal and rational man ought to do under the circumstances. Thus, Kant ethics which will be used in this is paper since it is deemed to under this type of ethics because of the principle of universalism (Weiss, 2008). This should be deemed accomplished as found in section 2.1. The first issue is on the interpretation of accounting rules in the preparation of the financial statements. Case facts provide in the preparation of its financial statements, that WorldCom used a liberal interpretation of accounting rules. Interpretation could of course be liberal, strict or just be neural enough to balance the two extremes. Since the company has a purpose in having a liberal interpretation which is make it appear that its profits were increasing, the company must have reason for doing so. It has done the same by writing down in one quarter earnings the cost of company expenses expected in the future so that is it would have bigger losses in the current quarter but smaller ones in the future quarters (Moberg, 2010). The idea was to show trend of constant growth in the profit of the company as a sign of growing or sustainable company. In other instance involving its acquisition of MCI, WorldCom had the accounting opportunity to reduce the book value of some MCI

Conduct Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conduct Business - Essay Example One disciplinary action for lateness is wage deduction, unless one is taken ill, in which case, the employer should follow the law in giving sick pay. Since many employees have at one time struggled with punctuality issues at the workplace, employers often encounter excuses for lateness such as excessive traffic, car breakdown, and alarm failure. Although an occasional lateness is forgivable, repeated cases call for disciplinary actions so that lateness may be curtailed. The first step to curbing lateness is by issuing staffs with work schedules in advance while keeping a master copy of the schedule for verification. Second, employees should be reminded of the importance of keeping time, be listened to and appraise fairly in case of lateness. In case of repeated lateness, a conference in which a calm and problem-solving approach is used is highly recommended between managers and employees. In fact, an employee’s schedule may be changed if the reason for lateness is genuine (Mooney, 2012). In these conferences where solutions to tardiness are sought, the negative impacts of tardiness not only on their professional lives but also their personal growth and development should be explained to employees. Increased productivity, morale, and job satisfaction are among the benefits of finding solution to workplace lateness. In fact, working together with employees in solving lateness related issues is a rather feasible method as all parties feel fairl y represented and appraised, implying that whatever the outcome of such joint efforts are inclusive and everyone feels part of the deliberations (Mooney,

The Decolonisation Of Ghana History Essay

The Decolonisation Of Ghana History Essay 1. Abstract: This Extended Essay is going to be about the Decolonization of Ghana. I have chosen this Topic due to my Interest in that country and because I spend my holidays there once a year. This essay is supposed to view the decolonization of Ghana and the reasons and thoughts behind it. This Extended Essay is written for the people who are interested into the problems and affairs in the decolonialization of Ghana. This piece of work is should show the recipients the reasons and problems linked with decolonialization and if the people of Ghana received the Independence and its aftermath with enthusiasm and/or neglecting. The essay can be divided up into a theoretical piece, in which I will write about the decolonization, its problems and reasons and a second part, where I will discuss how Nkrumah was able to get support. My research questions are: What are the reasons for decolonization and to what extent was Nkrumah successful in gaining support for Ghana and how? Well we know that reasons for the decolonization was due to the fact that Nationalism and self-rule were things the people of Ghana were aiming for, which without removal of the current situation could not have been realized. The other fact is that Nkrumah was successful in gaining Ghanaian support, with factors being bankruptcy of Britain, hatred for Britain, and thanks to the important constitutions made. What we are unaware of is how these steps were taken in order to counter the problems and to what extent they were able to be successful in removing their problems. 2. Introduction: During World War 2, colonies from around the globe came back to their mother countries in order to help their colonial masters fight against the enemies. While the going to be Prime Ministers, Henrik Verwoerd and B.J. Vorster, of South Africa supported Hitler, the majority of French colonialists remained loyal to its government until 1943. The wartime propaganda from the Germans had a part in this defiance of British rule. Japans conquests in the Far East caused shortages of various products such as minerals etc. Africa was therefore then used to make up for this problem and could greatly profit from this decision. U-Boats monitoring the North-Atlantic Ocean restricted the shipping of raw materials to Europe and so made the industries in Africa come to life. Local industries in turn caused the creation of new towns, and existing towns doubled in size. As urban community and industry grew so did trade unions. In addition to trade unions, urbanization brought about inc reased literacy, which allowed for pro-independence newspapers. By the 1930s, the colonial powers had carefully cultivated a small elite of leaders educated in Western universities and familiar with ideas such as self-determination. These leaders, including some major nationalists such as Kenyatta (Kenya), Nkrumah (Gold Coast, Ghana), Senghor (Senegal), and Houphouet-Boigny (Cà ´te dIvoire) came to lead the struggle for independence. 2. What are the reasons for decolonization? Before discussing this policy in these fields, it would be helpful, perhaps, to give a general picture of the kind of government that ruled at the time. The government could have been described as a mixture of direct rule by the central government and the rule of African institutions. There had been a steady bias towards the latter. Ghana is a classical example of decolonization of an English colony after World War Two. A mix of nationalism, a foundation of self-rule and educated elite, men returning from serving in WW2, strong leadership, and a weakening of Europes hold on colonies because of the devastation of World War Two made Ghana the vanguard of sub-Saharan African independence. There was a disease threatening the cocoa farmers. This disease was damaging cocoa farms at an extremely high rate and despite scientific research the only solution to this was to cut out the infected trees. This didnt please the farmers since at the time the price for cocoa was very high. So following the solution the government was experiencing resistance throughout the land. But the greatest problem was the deprivation. At the same time other disorders had broken out in the business district of Accra. Crowds, dissatisfied with the new prices resulting from the boycott agreement, which had been made, and incited by agitators had began to riot and loot and burn both European and Syrian owned stores. It even came that far that the people broke into the prison and freed prisoners to join in. This kind of turmoil spread to other towns of the Gold Coast./ It was the time for change. 3. How was decolonization achieved? World War II ushered in a massive wave of decolonization struggles, and dozens of new states. The first half of the twentieth century was devastating for European colonial powers. The cumulative cost of World War I, the collapse of control and stability during the Age of Anxiety, and the devastating epic conflict of World War II, all contributed to the erosion of colonial control. Although regions seeking independence still had years of fighting to endure after 1945, countries like Britain, France, Belgium, Portugal, and the Netherlands were in a losing struggle to hold onto their colonies. Japan, Germany and Italy lost their colonial empires immediately following their defeat. The U.S. also began to relinquish direct colonial control over acquired territories, focusing its energies on building Cold War alliances and influence, In short, colonial empires collapsed all over the world, and out of this turmoil emerged dozens of new countries. World War II had a marked influence on the G old Coast. The changes it brought were found, of course, not only in the Dependency but in all colonial areas. World opinion had become much concerned with the problem of dependent peoples and the United Nations Charter included a section in which the colonial powers agreed to promote the advancement and eventual self-government of these territories.The Country of Ghana had been developing economically and so the focus of government power gradually shifted into the hands of the Ghanaians, instead of staying in those of the Governor and his officials. This had been made possible due to gradual development of a strong spirit of nationalism and which would eventually result in independence. In effect the Gold Coast was ready for an increased measure of self-government for the economic, social, and political development of the inter-war years had contributed to the experience of the Dependencys leaders. The territorial councils had broadened the viewpoint of chiefs hitherto confined to the particular interests of individual states, and service on the legislative council had taught the traditional rulers and the educated classes to work together in general with the view to the national good. Once the movement had begun, events moved rapidly, at a pace that not only surprised the colonial government but also among conservative African elements as well. In the late nineteenth century, an arbitrary political system which placed almost all power into the hands of the governor through his appointment of council members had been thought unacceptable by a number of educated Africans. In the 1890s, a group was formed named, the Aborigines Rights Protection Society, by members of the educated coastal elite. They protested against a land bill that threatened traditional land tenure. In the end this protest helped build a foundation for political action that would ultimately lead to independence. From the African members of the legislative Council, one of them, Joseph E. Casely-Hayford, convened the National Congress of British West Africa, which then sent a delegation, so that the colonial office was urged to consider the principle of elected representation, in 1920. This group represented the first expression of political solidarity between nationalist and intellectuals of the area. Sadly the delegation had not been received, but it had by any means aroused considerable support from the Africans elite back home. Granting their call for elected representation as opposed to a system, in which the governor appointed numbers of the council, the nationalists had insisted that they were loyal to the British crown and that they only would help make an extension to British political and social practices of Africans. They had important leaders, such as Africanus Horton, John Mensah Sarbah, and S.R.B. Attah-Ahoma. These few men gave the nationalist movement a distinctly elitist touch which was going to last. Provincial councils of paramount chiefs had been created by the constitution of 1925. The councils in return elected 6 chiefs as unofficial members of the legislative council. The new constitution was appearing to recognize African sentiments, but Guggisberg, governor and command-in-chief, was mostly concerned with how to keep the British interests protected. For example: Africans only had a limited voice in the central government. By doing this, Guggisberg had spawned a wedge between the chiefs and their educated subjects. The subjects now believed that the chiefs had cheated the by letting the provisional councils fall into British hands, son that the chiefs would be able to receive support from the British. However the chiefs and the intellectuals had begun to reproach each other again, by the mid 1930s. Agitation for more adequate representation continued. So two more unofficial African members had been added to the executive council in 1943, this was gained due to the call for broader representation. The Burns constitution of 1946, named after the governor in charge at the time or just known as the Gold Coast constitution, had been a very bold document. It was bold due to the fact that for the first time they had abandoned the concept of an official majority. 6 Ex-officio, 6 nominated members, and 18 elected members composed the legislative council at this moment. In addition it also admitted representatives from Asante. Although there was a Labour Party Government in power, the British still viewed their colonies as sources of raw materials. These sources were bitterly needed, since the British economy was crippled and they needed to strengthen it. Only after riots and looting did the British decide to make, the placing of real power into African hands, a priority. Ghana now had a decisive majority of elected members. They have reached a Level of maturity in politics unheard of elsewhere in Africa. The government had been unable to bring down high prices, curtail profiteering, a nd ease other economic burdens of the country. The people were disappointed that their representatives in the newly formed legislative council did nothing to help them in this battle. The above statements give us a fairly good indication of the U.G.C.C.s objectives. It is important at this juncture to notice certain characteristics if the organization. The organizations was mainly made up of the à ©lite, it also always put pressure on its aim of fulfilling self government. But it should be achieved by legitimate and constitutional means. These hints make the impression that the U.G.C.C. represented a kind of conservative nationalism in contrast to the later kind that will develop in the near future. But a new phase dawned upon the history of the organization, which they themselves hadnt realized, by the Mr.Kwame Nkrumah becoming its general secretary. Nkrumah was born in a small village of Nzima, in the western section of the colony, in September 1909. He studied at Achimota and later in the United States, where he obtained a bachelor of Divinity degree from Lincoln University and a Masters of Arts from the University of Pennsylvania. During his years in America and a later stay in England he had gained considerable experience in leadership by participating in various political organizations and in associations designed to promote Negro advancement or self-government in Africa. The U.G.C.C. hoped to make the best out of his knowledge and experience. Although they were highly mature in what concerned politics, the constitution didnt grant them the freedom of having self-government. The executive power still remained in the hands of the governor, to whom the legislative government was responsible. The constitution faced trouble, although it had been greeted with enthusiasm. Many Gold Coast Veterans upon return, meanwhile WWII had ended, came back to a country in which shortages, inflation and unemployment ruled. So veterans started to form into a group of discontent people who were at the brink of creating disruptive action. Soon they were joined by farmers and many others who expected economic improvements, since the war had ended, but didnt receive any. So the tensions were still increasing since the war had ended. These Riots then resulted in having all of the U.G.C.C. members, including Nkrumah, arrested. Through this these men became known as the Big Six. The big six were the release again upon the arrival of the commission. 4. To what Extent was Nkrumah successful in gaining Support for Ghana and how? Dr. Kwame Nkrumah was a political leader and icon throughout Africa. We are able to thank him for liberating the Gold Coast and form it into the Ghana, which we know today. As he watched independence beginning to start in Africa, Nkrumah was anxious during that entire stage, simply due to his thought that imperialist rulers had ingeniously postponed their ultimate demise by granting sovereignty to the colonies, which they had previously done. Our hero had devised many political objectives to fight these imperialists and implemented them at the perfect time. Nkrumah was able to present his political beliefs already at an early stage, already as a graduate student in Great Britain. He had joined a student club and brought his messages through the local newspapers, during his studies at LSE (London School of Economics). Later on Nkrumah then was able to publish a pamphlet which set its focus on showing the downside of the imperialist rule on the African continent. Included were also thoughts, by him, towards colonial freedom and a way in which it could be obtained. This leadership role of his, progressed further, while in the meantime he had been elected to the executive board of the West Africans Student Union, at the college he was attending. The later on as Vice President he continued to criticize outlandish rule. The passion, which turned out to be so strong, towards ending the foreign rule in Africa, that he even considered forming the group named, Circle Union of Socialist African Republics. This confidential group was looking to lib erate Africa from the foreign rule. Nkrumah had officially founded the CPP to aid the liberation of Ghana on the 12th of June 1949. Most members were pulled out from the Committee of Youth Organization. This program looked to be very promising as spread his ideas of self government to farmers, unions, womens unions, and many younger people. In Nkrumahs eyes the only way the citizens of Ghana would be able to take control of their government would be through political unity. Nkrumah argued that cultural and economic independence would follow close behind. The policies and the formation of Nkrumahs CPP brought a positive influence to the people in Ghana and seemed to be destructive to the British Governments chance of maintaining control. Many factors help him gain support from the people some of them were, Propaganda in the form of signs, and he also found that coming up with party songs that give hope to the nation, was effective. All these things were used to make Ghanaian citizens aware and to gain support in the rem oval of the foreign power in charge. Nkrumahs campaigning began the 8th of January in 1952. 5 key ways in which Nkrumah could fight the imperialistic forces where: political education, nationalist aid, propaganda, dipl. Cooperation and by implementing a new policy in which the country of Ghana would not get involved with any form of Imperialist. Every stage was positive from Nkrumahs point of view. He even tried to remove the temporary regional assemblies, which were the safeguards in the constitution which would help the opposition. The Preventive Detention Act was introduced 1957. This act was laws, which allowed the police officers to arrest and possibly detain people that his government thought to be working against them. Another point was that Nkrumah had a feeling in his gut that the only way to maintain an imperialist free country was to become economically independent as well. The best way was to become an industrialized country. 5. Conclusion In my opinion Ghana had reached their goal by gaining Independence from the British, but while doing this they had cut their own flesh. I will have to name the good things first before I come to the bad things. Ghana had decided to deport foreigners who were perceived as threats to Ghana in the Deportation Act of 1957, which I think is a reasonable choice to make since having foreigners in ones parliament might have different effects on people. In addition to that in 1960 Ghana had officially become a republic, namely on the 1st of July. But now to the bad side of things, the Ghanaians now had cut the connection of to the British and by doing this they might have forgotten the fact that they were still slightly dependent on them. With dependent I mean that their economy was dependent from the British. Once they had cut the cord there was no way back and so they lost their biggest trading partner Britain. The consequences followed shortly and it is one that you still can feel today. T he economy had plummeted since the loss. Nkrumah had made almost all the right decisions for his people, but he had forgotten about the economy. He was so concerned with the maltreatment of his country by the white man, which he, instead of considering the actions he was taking, wanted to get rid of them once and for all. Nkrumah didnt consider the advantages they had through the white imperialists, but saw them as a problem to the people of Ghana and other African countries. I myself, in Nkrumahs position of course, would have been upset about the ongoing suppression of the imperialists in the country and would have wanted to send them to the moon with a one way ticket. Things just dont work that way and it would have been a lot smarter to just consider the options and possibilities, of how to get rid of the imperialist, but maintain a stable country at the same time. 7. Books Bourret, F.M.: Ghana-The Road To Independence; Oxford University Press, 1960 Buenor Hadjor, Kofi: Nkrumah and Ghana; Kegan Paul International Limited, 1988 Gocking Roger S.: History of Ghana; Greenwood Press, 2005 Nkrumah Kwame: Consciencism 7.1 Internet sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana (26/09/10) http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/independence.php (26/09/10) http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/slave-trade.php (26/09/10) http://www.honolulu.hawaii.edu/distance/hist/decol.htm (26/09/10) http://www.ukessays.com/essays/politics/dr-kwame-nkrumah.php (26/09/10)

Rwanda-Hutus and Tutsis Essay examples -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The triumph of evil occurs when good men do nothing.† This quote was said by the modern day political philosopher, Edmund Burke. This quote means that it is when good people don’t take action that bad things are allowed to happen. This relates to the recent genocide in Rwanda, when the Hutus massacred the Tutsis over a period of 100 days in the summer of 1994. Three major ways in which good men did nothing is the UN’s avoided action, the soldiers who abandoned the Tutsis, and the United States’ refusal to use the word â€Å"genocide,† and took no action to prevent it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The UN did a large deal of procrastinating during the ordeal in Rwanda. At first, they wouldn’t even address that there was a problem, since no one stepped forward to say that there was one. They simply ignored it when the Rwanda ambassador told them that it was just a â€Å"civil war.† When the UN finally did admit to the fact that there was a problem, they made several promises of action. These promises were hollow. Few actions were actually made to defuse the problem. Now the UN had already broken its most sincere promise in only 50 years, to never allow the extermination of a single group of people. A promise made immediately following the end of the holocaust. All the UN really did was to send troops over there but that did little, the number of troop at one point was only a couple hundred, not nearly enough to stop the Hutu army. They also asked the US m...

Atm Card Project

The completion of every task needs the guidance support & cooperation of many people. This is the opportunity to thank all those who had directly or indirectly helped me in completing this work. First and foremost I am grateful to my project guide Mr. Rahul Deo whose kind guidance, help & motivation helped me to complete this project. I express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Rajendra Kumar Jain,H. O. D(M. B. A Department ) and all the faculty members of SVIM for their kind support. I am grateful to Director Ret. Major General Dr. J. R.Bhatti of Shri Vaishnav Institute Of Management for providing proper facilities in the college. I would also like to thank all the respondents and wholesaler/retailer/distributor for giving me their precious time and relevant information ,without which this Project would have been a different story. Last but not the least I am grateful to my parent, family & friends who have supported and encouraged me during my work. PRAVIN PAHADIYA MBA IV SEM(PT) SVIM,IN DORE.ATM CARD : A VITAL FACILITY & ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ICICI & IDBI INTRODUCTION: ATM the fastest and convenient way to access your account anytime anyway whether you are in your home town or around the world. It is convenient and safe to carry and place of lacks of rupees while traveling or anywhere ATM’s now having a wide impact on economy too. HISTORY OF ICICI & IDBI: INDUSTRIAL CREDIT & INVESTMENT CORP. OF INDIA LTD. (ICICI). It was set-up as a Development Finance Institute in 1955 under the Indian Companies Act 1913 with the support of Govt. f India and active involvement of the World Bank. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA (IDBI). It was established in July 1964. The bank is intended to serve reservoir from which the existing financial institutions can draw. It seeks to cover the gaps left by the numerous state institutions working in the field of Industrial Finance. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT: 1. To find its impact on economy. 2. Satisfaction o f ATM users. STUDY AREA: ICICI & IDBI, Indore METHODOLOGY: 1. Sampling: Sampling technique: Random Sampling. SOURCE OF DATA: ) Primary Data 2) Secondary Data LIMITATIONS: ? Sample restricted to Indore City Only. ? Biasness of respondents. ? The entire study and analysis are based on the responses obtain from structured questionnaire. ATM – A VITAL FACITLITY & ITS ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMY INTRODUCTION ATM (AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE) is the easiest & the fastest way to access your account any time, any where through any of the ATM’s across the country even out of country. Now ,the money is accessible by any person 24 hours a day,7 days a week & 365 days a year.It is also known as â€Å"ANY TIME MONEY†, it means that banks never closed. All of us carry some form of â€Å"Plastic Money† with us whether it is Debit card, ATM card, Smart card or Credit card. The International Debit Card allows you to purchase goods at Merchant Establishments and also gives you the freedom to withdraw cash from ATMs in India and abroad. ATM Card gives you the freedom of making purchases without the hassles of paying in cash. No need to carry cash, no paying bills at the end of the month†¦your purchases will be debited to your account instantly.We can withdraw from 15,000 to 2,00,000 rupees in a day from different bank’s ATM machine & deposit up to 30 notes at one time even we can also deposit cheques through the ATM. Operate multiple account with a single ATM card of the bank. INTRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL CREDIT & INVESTMENT COPERATION OF INDIA (ICICI) bank is India's second-largest bank with total assets of about Rs. 106,812 crore and a network of about 450 branches and offices and about 1700 ATMs. ICICI was set up as a Developed Financial Institution in 1955, under the Indian Company Act,1913 with the support of the Government Of India ; active involvement of the World Bank.ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to c orporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialised subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital, asset management and information technology. ICICI Bank's equity shares are listed in India on stock exchanges at Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata and Vadodara, the Stock Exchange, Mumbai and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).ICICI Bank was originally promoted in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry. The principal objective was to create a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. In the 1990s, ICICI transformed its business from a development financial institution offering only project finance to a diversified fin ancial services group offering a wide variety of products and services, both directly and through a number of subsidiaries and affiliates like ICICI Bank.In 1999, ICICI become the first Indian company and the first bank or financial institution from non-Japan Asia to be listed on the NYSE. After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of the emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking industry, and the move towards universal banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank formed the view that the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank would be the optimal strategic alternative for both entities, and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI group's universal banking strategy.The merger would enhance value for ICICI shareholders through the merged entity's access to low-cost deposits, greater opportunities for earning fee-based income and the ability to participate in the payments system and provide transaction-banking services.The me rger would enhance value for ICICI Bank shareholders through a large capital base and scale of operations, seamless access to ICICI's strong corporate relationships built up over five decades, entry into new business segments, higher market share in various business segments, particularly fee-based services, and access to the vast talent pool of ICICI and its subsidiaries. In October 2001, the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank.The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002, by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002. Consequent to the merger, the ICICI group's financing and banking operations, both wholesale and retail, have been integrated in a single entity. A nywhere Banking ICICI Bank is the second largest bank in the country, serves a customer base of more than 5 million customer accounts through a multi-channel access network.This includes more than 400 branches and extension counters, over 1000 ATMs, Call Centre and Internet Banking. Thus, one can access the various services ICICI Bank has to offer at anytime, anywhere and from anyplace. Do’S & Do not 1. Sign on the card immediately on receipt. Unsigned cards are invitations for misuse. 2. Keep the card in a prominent place in wallet / vault. This will help you to notice if any of your cards is missing. 3. Ensure that the card you got back after the transaction is yours before putting in the wallet. 4.Keep all card number, expiry date and contact number of the issuing bank at a secure place for ready reference. It has to be kept in a different place than where you normally keep cards. 5. Inform issuing bank immediately if you lose the card or it is loss/stolen from you. 6. Mem orize PIN and destroy the mailer PIN is an important validation of your identity. The use of PIN along with card is considered as your authentic signature. 7. Inform change of address to card issuing bank immediately. Inform postal authorities also about the forwarding address. 8.Keep all charge slips till you get statement from bank. Check all charge slips against the statement. If there is a mismatch immediately contact the issuing bank. 9. If going abroad, make note of the card company's (Visa/ MasterCard/ Amex) emergency number abroad. 10. Do not give your debit card number over the phone or on the Internet. 11. When using your card in a merchant establishment, only your signature is needed. Never disclose any other personal details about yourself, be it your address or phone number. 12. Never sign an incomplete sales slip.Make sure it is totaled. Basic Features ICICI Bank and HPCL bring you the â€Å"Fuel† Debit Card. A debit card designed with just our convenience in mi nd. Just hand it over at any HPCL pumps and SAVE on our fuel purchases. In fact you can use the card for all your shopping, dining and traveling needs, so we spend with total control. Combining the acceptability of a credit card and the prudence of an ATM Card, the ICICI Bank Ncash Debit card is a most convenient accessory for us. No more fear of overspending. No more searching for the nearest ATM. Only more comfort and convenience!With the ICICI Bank Ncash Debit Card you can shop using VISA Electron's on-line debit program, and debit your ICICI Bank account directly when transacting at any VISA accredited member establishment or ATM across the world! Accepted at over 40,000 merchant establishments, more than 1,200 ICICI Bank ATM's and more than 2,500 VISA ATMs all over India. International Card, offering deposit access at over 11 million merchant establishments VISA . Your ICICI Bank HPCL Debit Card comes packed with the following features: 1. Direct On-line debit to your ICICI Ban k account. 2.Refund of surcharge for fuel purchases at HPCL pumps. 3. Accepted at over 40,000 shops, more than 1,200 ICICI Bank ATM's & 2,500 VISA ATMs all over India. 4. International card offering deposit access at over 11 million shops and & VISA ATM's all over the world. 5. 24 Hour Customer Care Center. 6. Speed-O-Miles Rewards Programme. 7. Itemized billing on your bank statement. 8. Lost card insurance. Fee ; Charges: No transactions charges at ICICI Bank ATMs. Transactions charges at Non ICICI Bank ATMs : Rs. 50/- for cash withdrawal ; Rs. 25/- for balance enquiry. Lost Card Insurance:In case our card is lost or stolen, we just need to call our 24 Hour Customer Care Centre . A new card will be issued on request and sent to you within 1 week of reporting this loss. We are protected from any financial liability arising from any purchase transactions done on our card, from the time you report the loss. INTRODUCTION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT BANK OF INDIA was established in July 196 4, to serve as a reservoir from which the existing Financial Institutions can draw. It seeks to cover the gap left by the numerous state institutions working in the field of industrial finance.The bank is expected to combine commercial, promotional ; re-financing activities. It took place after RBI issued guidelines for entry of new private sector banks in January 93. Subsequently, IDBI as promoters sought permission to establish a commercial bank and retained KPMG a management consultant of international repute to prepare the groundwork for establishing a commercial Bank. The Reserve Bank of India conveyed it's in principle approval to establish IDBI bank on February 11th, 1994. Thereafter the Bank was incorporated at Gwalior under Companies Act on 15th of September 1994 (Registration No. 0-08624 of 1994) with its Registered Office at Indore. The Certificate for Commencement of Business was received on 2nd of December 1994. The Future IDBI bank looks confidently into the future to face and thrive in the intense competitive environment that is emerging. The bank has now gained experience and has in place the strategies required for gaining a leadership position. With cutting edge relevant technology, aggressive marketing, innovation, tight control over costs and with its motivated workforce, the bank is all set to emerge as a model global corporate citizen n the days ahead. IDBI, the tenth largest development bank in the world has promoted world class institutions in India. A few of such institutions built by IDBI are The National Stock Exchange (NSE), The National Securities Depository Services Ltd. (NSDL), Stock Holding Corporation of India (SHCIL) etc. IDBI is a strategic investor in a plethora of institutions which have revolutionized the Indian Financial Markets. IDBI promoted IDBI bank to mark the formal foray of the IDBI Group into commercial Banking. This initiative has blossomed into a major success story.IDBI bank, which began with an equity capital base of Rs. 1000 million (Rs. 800 million contributed by IDBI and Rs. 200 million by SIDBI), commenced its first branch at Indore in November 1995. Thereafter in less than seven years the bank has attained a front ranking position in the Indian Banking Industry. IDBI bank successfully completed its public issue in February 99 which led to its paid-up capital expanding to Rs. 1400 million. The promoters holding consequent to this public issue stood reduced to 71% with IDBI holding 57% and SIDBI 14% of the paid up capital of IDBI Bank.This is in line with the requirement of RBI which stipulates that eventually the promoters holding should be brought down to 40%. IDBI ATM’s IDBI bank, which in recent times has rapidly expanded its ATM network to 258 ATMs across 68 cities, has always been at the forefront of using the latest technology to introduce new services for its customers. IDBI bank was the first Bank to implement the latest and most flexible ATM switch technology in India called IST from Oasis Technologies. It is also the only Bank in India where its entire ATM network is on the latest NDC based operating system from NCR Corporation.IDBI bank launches Easy Fill, the First Online Instant Mobile Refill ATM Service in India, IDBI also bank opens its 97th Banking office in Dum Dum, Kolkata. IDBI bank launches Easy Fill, the First Online Instant Mobile Refill ATM Service in India, IDBI bank launches ATM Next, the next generation ATM service:- IDBI bank, one of the youngest and fastest growing private sector banks in the country, launched the futuristic next generation ATM service called ATM Next, at a well-attended press conference here in Mumbai today. The innovative new service allows the ATM to download any information from a central web server.With the help of this new technology, IDBI bank’s customers can now check the latest cricket scores live on the ATM, as well as read the latest news headlines. The ATMs also provide online information on the latest movies running with a complete list of theatre and show timings as well as daily horoscopes, a list of emergency services telephone numbers and on the lighter side, fortune cookies. The service, which was launched initially in Mumbai, also enables the ATMs to provide audio instructions to customers, as well as comprehensive information on its products and services.The Bank proposes to extend this facility to other cities shortly, as part of a phased roll out. Speaking at the press conference, Ajay Bimbhet, Country Head – Retail Banking, IDBI bank said â€Å"We have always believed in using technology to add value to the services we provide to our customers. We believe that technology must constantly redefine service and this exciting new service, will make the ATM experience far more exciting and enriching for our customers†. The Bank has tied up with Rediff. om as its exclusive content provider for this service, says Shameek Bhargava, Head ATMs, Cards and Merchant Acquiring â€Å"We have successfully exploited the technology at our disposal to create a truly superior customer experience. This is the first time that such a service has been launched in India. The application was show cased at a recent Banking conference at Singapore, where it was a huge success. Its informative, its different, its futuristic and its fun. † IDBI bank offers following services: 1. Fabulous Discounts at various Merchant Outlets . 2. Loyalty Points with Great Rewards . . Enhanced access to over 8. 5lakh ATMs and 10 million establishments worldwide. 4. Promotional programmes with exciting prizes. 5. Zero lost card liability insurance. Eligibility 1. Customer Over 18 years of age . 2. Savings Account holders . 3. Current Account holders . 4. Corporate Payroll Account holders . Security In a borderless world spinning on the axis of the Internet, Internet Banking assumes a special and sophisticated significance. Mindful that the ultimate access could be through the Internet, we set out to sew together a globally benchmarked Internet initiative.With Internet Banking, your bank travels with you around the world. You have on-line, real-time access, bank call it 24. 7. 365 (HH/WW/DD) banking. Admittedly, such a service requires security of the highest nature and complete privacy protection. To that end, bank provide a completely secure environment, using 128-bit encryption Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), digitally certified by Verisign. 128-bit SSL. This guarantees world-class security for Internet and e-commerce. Customize Features 1. Change of login and transaction passwords . 2. Creation of Nicknames for Accounts . 3. Date and Amount format choices . Online Payment ServicesThe Internet Banking facility of IDBI Bank, i-netbanking offers online payment facility linked with merchant websites/e-shops serving as a payment gateway. The bank offers this facility to any agency requiring online payment services such as Online Shopping Malls, On line Share Trading Agency, an AMC selling Online Mutual Funds or registering/subscribing for internet connection with ISP. This service is available to IDBI bank account holders (savings, current, fixed deposit accounts). It will soon be available to Demat account holders also. Currently, internet banking is available to all first account holders (except minors).It is also available to proprietors of firms in their Current Account for Proprietorship firms. In all cases applicant should have authority to operate account with full permission. All the joint account holders must sign application for all accounts wherever applicant is first account holder. Transfer funds to your near and dear ones at the click of a mouse. Eye – popping features: The Electronic fund transfers could take place to your own bank accounts of your choice instantly the bank account of any other person within any of the IDBI bank's branches instantly.The bank account of any other person in over 8000 branc hes of any bank within the 14 cities -Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Bangalore, Ahmedabad, Kanpur, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Nagpur, Chandigarh, Patna, Bhubaneswar, Thiruvananthapuram. The user shall not use or attempt to use i-net banking for funds transfer – as and when the facility is made available – without sufficient funds in the relative i-net banking -account or without a pre-existing arrangement with the bank for the grant of an overdraft. Internet Banking Services (i-net banking) Bank' refers to IDBI bank limited, a banking company incorporated in India under the companies act 1956 and having its registered office at chaturvedi mansion, 2nd floor, 26/4, old palasia, A. B. Road, indore 452 001. The term includes the successors and assigns of the IDBI bank limited. I-net banking is the trade name of the bank's internet banking service which provides access through the internet to account information, account transaction, other products and services as advised by th e bank from time to time to the bank's customers. I-net banking serviceThe bank shall endeavor to provide to the user through i-net banking, services such as enquiry about the balance in his i-net banking account(s), details about transactions, statement of account, request for issue of cheque-books, request for transfer of funds between accounts of the same user, from user's account to another person's account, bill payment and such other facilities as the bank may decide to provide from time to time. These facilities shall be offered in a phased manner at the discretion of the bank. The bank may also make additions/ deletions to the services offered through i-net banking at its sole discretion.The availability/ non-availability of a particular service shall be advised through email, web page of the bank or written communication. The bank shall take reasonable care to, ensure the security of and prevent unauthorized access to the i-net banking service using technology reasonably av ailable to the bank. The user shall not use or permit to use i-net banking or any related service for any illegal or improper purposes. Minimum balance and charges The user shall maintain, at all times, such minimum balance in i-net banking account(s), as the bank may stipulate from time to time.The bank may, at its discretion, levy penal charges and/or service charges for non-maintenance of the minimum balance. In addition to the minimum balance stipulation the bank may levy service charges for use of i-net banking at its discretion. The user authorizes the bank to recover all charges related to i-net banking as determined by the bank from time to time by debiting one of user's i-net banking accounts. Accuracy of information The user is responsible for the correctness of information supplied to the bank through the use of i-net banking or through any other means such as electronic mail or written communication.The bank accepts no liability for the consequences arising out of errone ous information supplied by the user. If the user suspects that there is an error in the information supplied to the bank by him, he shall advise the bank as soon as possible. The bank will endeavor to correct the error wherever possible. Termination of i-net banking service The user may request for termination of the i-net banking facility any time by giving a written notice of at least 15 days to the bank. The user will remain responsible for any transactions made on his i-net banking account(s) through i-net banking prior to the time.Technology and Tech Initiatives Keeping in line with its policy of leveraging technology to drive its business, IDBI bank deployed Finacle, the e-age banking solution from Infosys to consolidate its position, meet challenges and quickly seize new business opportunities. Entire Finacle rollout was remarkable considering the fact that it was implemented across all branches in a record time frame of 5 months. Finacle will provide the critical technology platform to propel the bank's new thrust and direction.Achievement of these significant milestones is consistent with IDBI bank's continued focus to create customer and shareholder value through deployment of superior technology. Investments in technology is part of the plan to put in place building blocks for creating the right organizational infrastructure which will help IDBI bank in consistently delivering superior products, convenient access channels and efficient service to our retail and corporate customers. Of the total investments of over Rs. 75 crs, large investment has been made in back-end technology to strengthen processes, systems and control.This, in the long run, propelled by a top quality management team will clearly set IDBI bank apart from its competitors. Stronger Capital Adequacy Capital Adequacy ratio of IDBI bank is well above the RBI norm of 9% and as on 30th June 2001 stood at 12. 01%. IDBI bank has adopted Governance standards based on best practices preva lent internationally. It has a structure of governance which meets with the requirements prescribed by the Kumarmangalam Birla panel and fully meets the recommendations by internationally acclaimed and recognized norms of governance addressed by the Cadbury, Greenbury and Meryn King committees.Employee Contribution IDBI bank has more than 1000 talented and highly motivated employees as on date. The average age of the employee at IDBI bank is 31 yrs. 85% of the employees are MBAs/CAs/ Professionally Qualified Bankers. The bank has rolled out broad based grant of stock options covering 75% of the employees to align their interests with those of its shareholders. Benefits of ATM cards 1. Transfer funds from any place to any place. 2. Same day clearance of cheques ; money deposited by you. 3. Also provide Cheque Books for transaction. 4. Provide Mini-Statement after every transaction. 5.Account Statement by E-Mail. 6. Free Demand-Drafts ; Pay-Orders. 7. Investment ; Tax advisory service s. Transaction at all ATM’s across the country:- 1. Withdrawal ; transfer of funds . 2. Request for a cheque book. 3. Deposit cash ; cheques. 4. Receive mini-statement. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this project is to show the need ; utility of ATM cards, different services provided by banks ; its impact on economy. Some of the others objectives are :- 1. Satisfaction of ATM user. 2. Utility of ATM cards. 3. Problem related to ATM cards. 4. Comparative study of banks ; services provided by them. 5.To collect different suggestion provided by people. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH We are performing every action for the welfare of mankind to make them more productive ; more innovative. Each ; every action in this world is performed for betterment. Significance of this research work is 1. It informs about the problem related to ATM user. 2. It provides many suggestions for the betterment of ATM services. 3. It informs about the satisfactory level of consumers. 4. This research a lso inform people about the services ; facilities provided by their ATM cards. 5. It shows the real purpose for using ATM.RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research has adoptive research design to obtain accurate information of the situation, which existed . The research aim was to find out what are the problems by the ATM users, facility ; services. It is descriptive because it obtains the complete ; accurate description of a situation, which has the precision of a problem. It has the formal design of research ; it provides specific method for selection source of information ; also connection data from other sources. It has also a statistical study because it involves a few factors in many factors in many cases.The study basically emphasizes on the fact-finding that whether the ATM users are satisfied by the services ; facilities provided to them by banks or not. DATA COLLECTION METHOD The data collection is fully depends on Primary Data, Secondary Data ; Internet Information. 1. Primary Data:- It is conversion of original information for some specific purpose. 2. Secondary Data:- It contain all that information which is available by different sources ? Internal Data :- Data provided by banks. ? External Data :- Data collected from outside of banks. All other data is collected through Internet i. . by their Web-sites ; questionnaires. The purpose of questionnaires is to obtained qualitative information for accuracy of project. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION Q. 1: Are you using ATM? Q. 2 : Which bank’s ATM you are using? Q. 3 Are you aware about all facilities provided by your ATM? Q. 4 – Do you face any problem in using ATM? Q. 5 If yes, please tick:- CONCLUSION The main thing that is concluded that ATM (AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE) is the fastest, easiest ; safest way to access your account. ATM Cards gives us freedom to purchases without the hassles of payment.By ATM card we are free from carrying cash with us. 1. People are using ATM card for ANY TIME MONE Y. 2. Maximum people are satisfied by services ; facilities provided by their banks. 3. Many people are aware about ATM cards ; their utilities. 4. People are using ATM cards for different purposes. 5. Some people are having problems related to operational, networking, less safety, less number of outlets, etc. 6. People also want zero balance ; no transaction limit. 7. People want more facilities ; services. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. There should be no transaction limit. . Clearance of money/cheque transaction time should be minimized. 3. Banks should increase ATM outlets.4. Minimum average balance should be reduced. 5. No charges for transaction with other ATM machines. 6. Interest should be given on money deposited above average balance limits. 7. More facilities ; services should be provided for customers. LIMITATIONS 1. The main limitation related to this project is the limited area i. e. INDORE city because it is such a broad topic of research ; we are not able to represent exact data on the basis of a single city only. . Difficulty related to approach different types of people with different mentality, nature ; habit. 3. Limitation related to time ; resource available. 4. The entire study is based on the response provided by the sample population ; analyses on the basis of questionnaires. 5. Limitation related to biased response. 6. Limited information given by banks due to security reasons.